COLERA - TANZÂNIA (VÁRIAS PROVÍNCIAS), SURTO, ATUALIZAÇÃO,
INFORMAÇOES OFICIAIS, OMS/WHO
**********************************************************************************************
Uma mensagem / Una mensaje / de ProMED-PORT
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail e um programa da / es un programa de la
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Data: Segunda-feira, 25 de abril de 2016
Fonte: OMS/WHO [22/04/2016] [editado]
<http://www.who.int/csr/don/22-april-2016-cholera-tanzania/en/>
Cholera - United Republic of Tanzania
------------------------------------------------
The National IHR Focal Point of the United Republic of Tanzania has
provided WHO with an update on the ongoing outbreak of cholera.
As of 20 April 2016, a total of 24.108 cases, including 378 deaths,
had been reported nationwide. The majority of these cases had been
reported from 23 regions in mainland Tanzania (20.961 cases, including
329 deaths).
The overall trend of incident cases has been fluctuating. Between
October and December 2015, there was a drastic reduction in the number
of new cases reported in several regions (Morogoro, Dar es Salaam,
Tanga, Arusha and Singida). From the middle of December 2015 to the
end of March 2016, the number of new reported cases started to
increase again. Then, since the middle of March, there has been a
significant reduction in cases reported in the mainland. For instance,
the daily average of incident cases has declined from around 150 in
March 2016 to less than 30 in the middle of April 2016.
To date, Zanzibar has reported 3.057 cases, including 51 deaths, from
five regions. The majority of the cases are from Unguja Island (1.818
cases, including 38 deaths) while Pemba Island has reported a
cumulative total of 1.239 cases, including 13 deaths.
Assessments have shown that the main factors associated with the
spread of the infection both in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar are
limited access to safe water and sanitation. Water supply institutions
lack the capacity to chlorinate and conduct regular water quality
monitoring and assessments. The coverage of improved latrines is also
very low. Poor hygienic practices perpetuated by myths and
misconceptions, and the lack of sanitation facilities in poor
households have also been associated with the outbreak.
Public health response
----
A multisectoral National Cholera Task Force (comprising the Ministry
of Health, WHO, UNICEF, the Centers for Disease Control - CDC, the Red
Cross Society and other partners) is providing oversight and
coordination for the response to the outbreak. The National Health
Sector Cholera Response Plan has been endorsed to guide the response.
The task force, which is jointly led by the Government and WHO, has
six technical sub-committees: (1) water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH); (2) social mobilization; (3) surveillance; (4) laboratory; (5)
case management; and, (6) logistics and administrative. The
sub-committees meet on a daily basis to provide updates on the
response and the situation in their respective areas of responsibility
and closely liaise with the implementing districts. These cholera
response coordination structures are replicated at regional and
district levels.
The health sector has focused on the following interventions:
mobilizing communities to promote personal hygiene, safe water and
good sanitation; distributing chlorine for household water treatment
and safe storage; conducting routine water sampling and laboratory
analysis for contamination; and strengthening of case management in
treatment centers and risk management during burial of deceased
cholera patients. Extended Primary Health Care (PHC) Committee
meetings are held in different regions with participation of Regional
Commissioners, Districts Commissioners, other key stakeholders and
other local leaders as well as health authorities and workers. Rapid
response teams are being deployed to provide field level support to
the most affected regions and districts for targeted control
initiatives specific to the respective areas.
WHO coordinates partners, provides technical guidance on surveillance
and case management as well as water quality monitoring. The
Organization has so far mobilized over 25 international public health
experts to support the government in various response activities
(promotion of safe water, sanitation and hygiene, social mobilization,
case management and monitoring, procurement of medicines and supplies,
etc.). With WHO and CDC support, a public health emergency operation
center (PHEOC) has been made functional to support the coordination of
the response interventions. The country office is also supporting the
construction of ventilated improved pit latrines and borehole hand
pumps in selected hotspot villages.
In November 2015, WHO graded the epidemic as a level 2 emergency on
the Emergency Response Framework (ERF) grading scale - the ERF grading
scale has three levels. In February 2016, an incident manager was
appointed and has been providing support to the response both on the
ground and remotely. The Regional Office is providing additional
experts for surveillance support at subnational level in the high-risk
districts to ensure a sustainable impact.
WHO risk assessment
----
Although there has recently been an apparent significant decline in
the number of reported new cholera cases, the risk of continued spread
continues to exist in the country due to (i) the vast geographical
distribution of cases, (ii) the persistence of underlying causative
factors such as poor access to safe water and sanitation, (iii)
sub-optimal surveillance and laboratory capacity in certain districts,
(iv) geographical mobility of symptomatic and asymptomatic
individuals. Furthermore, the El Nino phenomenon may have also played
a part in perpetuating the outbreak. The potential for international
spread of this outbreak beyond the borders of Tanzania exists given
the high and free mobility between the country and the neighboring
countries. Neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya,
Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia have also been responding to cholera
outbreaks. Additionally, Tanzania harbors busy international seaports
and airports which connect the country with many other unaffected
countries. WHO continues to monitor the epidemiological situation and
conducts risk assessment based on the latest available information.
WHO advice
----
WHO does not recommend any travel or trade restriction to the United
Republic of Tanzania based on the current information available.
--
Comunicado por: ProMED-PORT <http://www.promedmail.org/pt>
[Veja também:
2015
----
Cólera - Tanzânia (04) (várias províncias), surto, atualização,
informações oficiais, OMS/WHO
http://promedmail.org/post/20151126.3822268
Cólera - Tanzânia (03) (várias regiões), surtos, atualização,
informações oficiais, OMS/WHO
http://promedmail.org/post/20151021.3734570
Cólera - Tanzânia (02), surtos, informações oficiais
http://promedmail.org/post/20150911.3640317
Cólera - Tanzânia, surto, campo de refugiados
http://promedmail.org/post/20150525.3384022
Cólera - África (Quênia, Tanzânia), surto
http://promedmail.org/post/20150519.3372625
--
ProMED-PORT
-----------
2016: ano 19 do ProMED-PORT
Visite nosso site:
<http://www.promedmail.org/pt>
Envie notícias, informações e comentários:
<http://www.promedmail.org/submitinfo/>
Inscreva um colega no ProMED-PORT:
<http://ww4.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.php>
Faça sua doação ao ProMED:
<http://isid.org/donate/PMM_donate.shtml>]
.................................................RNA
*##########################################################*
************************************************************
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the
information, and of any statements or opinions based
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID
and its associated service providers shall not be held
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted
or archived material.
************************************************************
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:
<http://www.isid.org/donate/>
************************************************************
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name
name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-
scribe at <http://ww4.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.php>.
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:
<postmaster@promedmail.org>.
############################################################
############################################################
List-Unsubscribe: http://ww4.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.php
Nenhum comentário:
Postar um comentário